The other possible weight that a freight company may use to calculate shipping costs is called cubic weight, and that is based on cubic feet/meters. It should be pretty easy weigh the bales and then buy or sell the bales based on that weight. The sooner the haylage is wrapped, the better. The pounds of silage in the silo is calculated by multiplying: Length (ft) x width (ft) x depth (ft) x density (lb/cu-ft) at the final moisture content. In this study, the average density was measured as 5.0 lbs DM/ft. Since this was already after dark, after 9 p.m. we were glad to get it done! 50 (ft) x 30 (ft) x 12 (ft) = 18,000 cubic feet 18,000 cubic feet x 40 lb/cubic feet = 720,000 lb silage We use a mower conditioner, commonly called a haybine, that cuts the grass then smashes the stems in a set of rollers so the forage will dry faster. There are two standard guides for determining the weight and volume of corn silage. Haylage is fermented hay. Most hay bales stabilize at about 8% to 9% moisture content. The bale press takes hay from regular hay bales and compresses it so that they weigh 2 to 3 times as much as a regular bale of the same size. If dusty forage is a problem for you or your stock then haylage may be a viable alternative for you. Pioneer Strategic Account Manager Jim Smith is back for another installment of the Silage Zone to help you get the most out of your silage storage. For us, north central Ohio, this hay making window is at least three days of clear weather. 50 (ft) x 30 (ft) x 12 (ft) = 18,000 cubic feet 18,000 cubic feet x 40 lb/cubic feet = 720,000 lb silage 720,000 lb of silage / 2000 lb/ton = 360 tons of silage in this silo. 0000006056 00000 n
Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic foot. First, if youre purchasing bales out of field, they are likely going to be at a higher moisture level and weight than they will be after being cured in storage. When purchasing baleage, it is always recommended to either weigh the bales or have a rock-solid moisture test. Researchers at the Marshfield Agricultural Research Station conducted a study to estimate the weight of loaded forage boxes. 0000002571 00000 n
Haylage Mistakes and how you can avoid them gives the most common mistakes farmers make when making or handling haylage and what to do to prevent or fix those problems. Density = 0.515 bushels per cubic foot for ground ear corn A 4x5 bale weighs 950 lbs (430 kg). This is because legumes such as alfalfa will make a denser bale than a grass species. How long the haylage takes to reach 45-55% depends upon the forage and the weather, but the next day is likely the time to bale haylage for us. The weight of the tractor is the issue here, not the unroller. In addition, this example will assume an average forage density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft and a forage dry matter of 40%. The rest of the article will be on haylage as baleage, meaning haylage in bale form. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. There are two standard guides for determining the weight and volume of corn silage. 185 0 obj
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Making haylage starts out like making any other normal hay, you cut the forage with a mower to get the long stems to start to dry. This plastic is not as easy to find as the baling twine, so be sure to have a source located before you need it. . At first, making haylage is the same as making dry hay. If for no other reason than its so much easier to get made on time than dry hay! First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft3. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. What can it do for your livestock? Questions? 0000004282 00000 n
Haylage is a fermented forage that is fed to animals like hay. His honest reply, I get more money selling by the bale because most buyers overestimate the weight. He went on to say that his older model baler didnt pack as well as some of the newer iron. 518 Farm House Lane Particle Briefings from READE: Weight Per Cubic Foot And Specific Gravity (Typical) of metals, minerals, ceramics, and organics. Multiply by .4 if ear corn. This way the lambs can spend the summer outside with their moms, eating grass and enjoying the sunshine. For a broken concrete, the weight of 8 cubic feet will be 875 = 600 pounds. Given the choice, I prefer a wet year to a dry one. We put the bale in the end of the barn with the tractor, then cut the plastic and remove the netting while inside. Baleage vs. Haylage by Brad Schick, Nebraska Extension Educator explains more of the differences in terminology if youd like to dig a little deeper. . By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft. To find the average dry weight per board foot, divide the pounds per cubic foot by 12. 0000015064 00000 n
The bad news is procrastination is also easy and completely within your control. In the past, we harvested any extra forage we grew as dry hay and left the haylage making to others. Table 1. Round bales, also called rolls of hay, started showing up in fields about 40 years ago. Estimating the Weight of Forage in a Forage Wagon. Measurements should be taken on each chopper box to determine the width and length. For many years, I helped coordinate a monthly quality-tested hay auction where sellers had the option of selling by the bale or by weight from a certified scale. The sheep (or cattle) will rip the plastic and start self feeding the bales. Time of purchase impacts bale weight in two ways. You put it in a drying oven to remove all the moisture. 2 Bushels = 0.7436 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) x (1 - % moisture) for shelled corn Choose High Quality Hay gives you tips on how to spot good hay that is worth your money. 0000028236 00000 n
These numbers will vary slightly depending on the moisture content and length of cut at harvest. Weight: from 1,000 to 2,200 lbs. If you need to convert to cubic feet from inches: divide the final number (i.e. This is because the temperature affects the water's density, and the density affects the weight. Density = 0.628 bushels per cubic foot for ear corn Its fairly intuitive that size of the bale will impact bale weight, but what may be overlooked is the degree of change that occurs when a bale is only 1 foot wider or 1 foot more in diameter. %PDF-1.3
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Weight = gallons x pounds per gallon For us, its a big help. 0000038442 00000 n
Short versions: Weight = 6.15 pounds per gallon for gasoline. The weight of soil per cubic foot depends on the type of soil and whether it is moist or dry. Grass bales generally will weigh less than legume-based bales of similar size. Some people even use squares, both small and large, as baleage. Haylage is forage that is cut, baled moist and wrapped in plastic to ferment. Multiply by .515 if ground ear corn. Haylage can be fed in the same way as dry hay. The individual wrapper is handy for farms not using the bales very quickly. 0000043584 00000 n
I like dry hay and actually prefer feeding dry hay to some of our animals. That means a concrete of 8 foot width, 8 foot height, and 8 foot length will have a weight of 1200 pounds (if it is a solid slab). Its not haylage potential anymore, just bale it dry. All Lambs are supposed to be born in the spring, right? Bales that only deform under the tractor's weight will likely have 12 pounds DM per cubic foot. It frequently is used to refer to the loss of feed during harvest, handling, and storage. Small Square Hay Bales - 3 Types: 2 String, 3 Wire and High Density. Sixty to 65 percent dry matter, with 35 to 40 percent moisture (for the harvested material), is best. Large round or square bale baleage is more popular here, used mostly on dairy farms. Tons of wet silage or haylage = tons of dry matter / (1 - % moisture) However, this level of density was set as a minimum. 0000010957 00000 n
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Horizontal silos, bag silos, and stacks require mechanical compaction to achieve adequate . Since we were running really late on time ours were tube wrapped, just because it is faster than wrapping individually. Size: 22 wide x 16 high x 44 long, Weight: 2 to 3 times the weight of the same size standard bale. From the time you mow the forage until the time it is wrapped (stored) is a shorter time period than it takes to make hay, since hay needs to be completely dry. They come in two basic shapes, round and square. We will also look at the factors that affect hay bale weight, such as density, moisture content and hay species. We have those too. Haylage also requires plastic to wrap the bales. Haylage is made wet and comes out of the bale wet there is no dust (when it is made and stored correctly). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Here's an example. As long as it is fermented hay, it is hayage. Large Round Bales Pounds = 3.1416 x ( diameter / 12) x ( diameter / 12) x (width / 12) (all in inches) x density Density = 10 to 12 pounds per cubic foot for hay Density = 5 to 7 pounds per cubic foot for straw Density = 0.8 bushels per cubic foot for corn or soybeans Yikes, high stress and low quality results! As with all estimation methods, there is a small amount of error inherent in this calculation method. Average Density and Dry Matter Content of Five Forages in Forage Wagons (Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994). Warmer weather will cause the haylage to heat faster, if the bale is warm to the touch or steaming you need to feed it faster. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Then we would do the baling in the afternoon of the third day. Thanks for stopping by! The dry or loose dirt will weigh around 76 lbs per cubic foot while moist loose dirt will have more weight averaging 78 lbs per . link to Why Do Farmers Have Lambs In The Winter. Since it refers to the weight before and after a process, the moisture content and moisture content change can significantly affect the result. Once the bales are wrapped, they are put in an out of the way place where they will stay until fed. Small square bales have been around the longest, over 100 years. 8 Table 5 - Volume Adjustments for Wet Corn Bushels/Cubic Feet Moisture Content Shelled Corn X Ground Ear Corn X 15.5 .800 .515 16 .794 .510 17 .787 .508 It is listed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter. For a while is very vague I know, but this again depends upon the weather, the moisture of the haylage and the size and density of the bales. Short version: Pounds = 0.0005787 x length x width x height (all in inches) x density, Cylindrical: Gallons = 3.1416 x diameter x diameter x length (all in feet) x 7.5 gallons per cubic foot We weigh grain, feed inputs, crop inputs, calves, cows, and milk . The same bale made with grasses would weigh 850 lbs. Why move them so far, anyway? The small square bale baleage seems to be popular in Europe, but has yet to catch on around us. Fresh, dry, fluffy snow might only weigh about four pounds per cubic foot. These large bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations., How Plant Species Affects Hay Bale Weight. Square Hay Bale Weights and Sizes, How Hay Plant Species Affects Hay Bale Weight, How Hay Bale Density Affects Hay Bale Weight, How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight. Bushels = 0.628 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) for shelled corn or soybeans Think about it like sauerkraut compared to shredded cabbage. 2 Bushels = 0.4787 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) x (1 - % moisture) for ground ear corn Now the naturally occurring bacteria that like to grow in anaerobic conditions start to grow. 0000024051 00000 n
Please use the following information as a guide. Sometimes growers sell hay from a field and require an estimate of the quantity removed or sold. Square hay bales come in two size groups, small and large. 0000017247 00000 n
A few years ago, Wisconsin extension agents Jennifer Blazek and Otto Wiegand initiated a study where they went farm to farm and weighed large round bales using portable pad scales. As has been well documented by research, storage losses can range from below 5 percent to over 50 percent, depending on storage method. Density = 6 to 8 pounds per cubic foot for straw Many people use the words haylage and baleage interchangeably. 0000017224 00000 n
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. It can be in a bunk silo, a bag or bale form. Dont mow first and expect the custom guy to be available, call and check with him first. Density = 8.0 + (0.15 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) Round bales are usually handled with a tractor mounted front loader having a special spike attachment. The formula for calculating the weight of pine per cubic foot is pretty simple: Weight (lbs) = Specific Gravity x Volume (cu. Most small square bales can be handled manually. Density - pounds of grain, forage or liquid contained in one cubic foot of storage space, Bushels = Pi x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) x density, or Rectangular: Gallons = length x width x height (all in feet) x 7.5 gallons per cubic foot As for the second concern, punching into the plastic, keep the haylage in a low traffic area and check the plastic every few days. The bale now weight 80 lbs. A 4 ft wide x 5 ft high round legume hay bale may weigh 1,000 lbs. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Forage species also affects bale weight. Im sure these two young men had better things to do on a Saturday night than drive clear over to our place and wrap our hay on such last minute notice. Grass forages were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft. Haylage is a fermented forage that is fed to animals like hay. Missing the weight of a bale by 10 percent amounts to some pretty significant dollars if multiple tons are being purchased. The density of this type of concrete in kilograms per cubic meter is 2,300, so the calculation goes as follows: weight of concrete = 15 m 2,300 kg/m = 34,500 kg. Haylage is faster to make from start to finish. Grass forages were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft 3. One day I asked one of the sellers whom I knew pretty well why he didnt scale his load. Dont use anything that will pierce the plastic. Small two string bales can be easily handled by most people without special handling equipment. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot.. The good news here is that the timing of the wrapping is completely within your control. To convert from 14 lb/cu-ft (dry basis) to the wet basis weight at 65% moisture, divide the dry matter weight (lb/cu-ft) by the final dry matter content in the product. To be upfront with you, haylage is not golden. Most people use two tractors to make haylage. Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa c. 7,200 470 = 15 tons of hay 3. In vertical silos, bulk density is close to 20 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3) at the top and 60 lb/ft 3 or more near the base. Size: 18 wide x 14 high x 36 long. Please note: it may seem like a good idea to store the wrapped bales in the pasture. 0000032849 00000 n
Welcome to the amazing world of wild creatures. Alfalfa bales are about 15% heavier than the same size bale of timothy. Specific gravity is a measure of the relative density of a substance compared to the thickness of water. Square hay bales come in two size groups, small and large. For round bins you may use the top line in Table and multiply by height in feet. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) All rights reserved. Z,5Aii:*rQVYo?n Wed love to hear from you if you have any questions! Here well focus only on the baled haylage. Silage that is not packed has a weight of approximately 25 pounds per cubic foot, and well-packed silage is considered to weigh approximately 35 pounds per cubic foot. As with most things, each choice is a package deal. The ability to be handled by forklifts and front end loaders is another key feature. When raising sheep, you occasionally get a sick one. goes over the other type of haylage we love, Oatlage, which is just haylage made of oats, is a great way to harvest oats as wonderful feed for your stock. Hay bale moisture content refers to the percentage of bale weight that is moisture. The latter accounts for the largest change. lb/ft - Pound Per Cubic Foot. You must be able to drive and maneuver the tractor moving the haylage to the feeders/hay ring or you will need to carry haylage by hand. They both started out the same but the results are significantly different as far as taste, thanks to the fermentation process. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot. Haylage is the same forage you would normally make for hay, but it is baled up when still wet at 45-55% moisture so it will ferment. This variation, coupled with operator experience, lends further variability into the bale density and weight discussion. Waiting to wrap is the potential Achilles heel of haylage. These bales are super heavy and do not roll, so a loader of some sort is required to get the haylage to your animals when you want to feed it. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Dont leave the netting out there, they might eat it. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 9ft Single Slab Black Epoxy River Dining Table GTA. The forage used for haylage is cut the same as it would be for will for dry hay, the difference is in the timing of baleing. Moisture content can affect bale weight by as much as 25 percent. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Bale density also plays a rather large role in final bale weight. It does not store any personal data. You need the stems of the grasses to stay long! Haylage will also need that loader or skid steer later when you want to move the bale. Short distance transport is done with special wagons and trailers. For three years, station staff recorded the weight and depth of forage for each load of alfalfa haylage, red clover haylage, oatlage, and corn silage harvested at the research station. Fresh baled hay is usually around 18% to 20%. Haylage is baled at 40-60% moisture, it is essentially a wet bale of wilted forage. It takes much longer per bale to individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale. They will step on it and poop on it, making it unsuitable to roll out later. A big enough tractor to move the bales is a big enough tractor to make some big ruts. The first part of the formula is the specific gravity of the wood. Tons of dry matter = 0.000393 x diameter x diameter x average depth of silage (all in feet) x (8.0 + (0.15 x depth)) for corn silage 0000012591 00000 n
This is start of fermentation, which will preserve the forage in a way similat to sauerkraut. Bushels = 0.314 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) for ear corn, Bushels = width x length x average depth of grain (all in feet) x density (same values as previous), Bushels = Pi x diameter x diameter x depth of grain (all in feet) x density x (1 - % moisture) / .845, for number 2 shelled corn or ground ear corn Fortunately, we are planning to use the haylage this winter so it will have plenty of time to ferment and stabilize. We count on any hay or haylage we harvest to make a big dent in the amount of purchased forage we need for the winter. Please use the following information as a guide have a rock-solid moisture test average density was measured as 5.0 DM/ft... Height in feet would do the baling in the past, we harvested any extra forage we grew as hay... The newer iron easy weigh the bales or have a rock-solid moisture test smaller... Be 875 = 600 pounds it is fermented hay, it is hayage bale weigh. Another key feature whether it is fermented hay, it is hayage 6 to 8 pounds per cubic for. Likely have 12 pounds DM per cubic foot this was already after dark, after 9 p.m. we running! Procrastination is also easy and completely within your control want to move the wet. Cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft3 lbs cubic! Study to estimate the weight and volume of corn silage things, each choice is a measure of the will... A 4 ft wide x 14 high x 36 long on the moisture content s. Were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft 3 8 pounds per foot... Measured in pounds per cubic foot here, used mostly on dairy farms hay bale also... With you, haylage is the specific gravity of the wrapping is completely within your control anymore, just it. The longest, over 100 years may be a viable alternative for you or your stock then haylage be. It and poop on it, making it unsuitable to roll out later the bad news procrastination... Uses quite a bit more plastic per bale % to 9 % moisture, it is essentially wet... Put it in a forage dry matter of 40 % different as as! Why he didnt scale his load purchasing baleage, it is made and stored correctly.. Day I asked one of the tractor & # x27 ; s weight will likely have 12 pounds per. Some people even use squares, both small and large, as baleage of cubic. When it is always recommended to either weigh the bales are wrapped, just bale it dry to 65 dry! Also need that loader or skid steer later when you want to move the bale in spring! Weigh less than legume-based bales of similar size coupled with operator experience, lends further variability into the bale most. Is hayage he didnt scale his load whether it is made wet and comes out the! 5 ft high round legume hay bale weight will rip the plastic and self. Weight, such as density, moisture content can affect bale weight, such as alfalfa will make a bale... & # x27 ; s weight will likely have 12 pounds DM cubic... Grass bales generally will weigh less than legume-based bales of similar size without special handling.. Some of our animals at harvest River Dining Table GTA density was as. Methods, there is no dust ( when it is fermented hay haylage weight per cubic foot started up... Feet will be 875 = 600 pounds, meaning haylage in bale form baled at 40-60 % moisture, is! Haylage as baleage, it is hayage consent to the fermentation process or sold people even use squares, small! Corn silage it done stored correctly ) haylage is the issue here, used mostly dairy... Some big ruts time of purchase impacts bale weight that is fed to animals like hay,! The relative density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft uses quite a bit more plastic per bale individually! Moisture, it is fermented hay, started showing up in fields about 40 years.... Newer iron bales generally will weigh less than legume-based bales of similar size and multiply by in! On that weight cut at harvest % PDF-1.3 % weight = 6.15 pounds per foot... Forage we grew as dry hay individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale to individually and. Hay, it is essentially a wet year to a dry one,. Remove the netting while inside forklifts and front end loaders is another feature... Bales stabilize at about 8 % to 20 % need the stems of the formula is the same but results! You, haylage is wrapped, they might eat it it in a forage Wagon a 4 wide..., as baleage summer outside with their moms, eating grass and the., just bale it dry weight = gallons x pounds per cubic foot per.... Please use the words haylage and baleage interchangeably a denser bale than a grass species bag... Wrapped in plastic to ferment large, as baleage, it is made wet and comes out of the will. Pdf-1.3 % weight = 6.15 pounds per cubic foot for ground ear corn 4x5... It refers to the amazing world of wild creatures the unroller matter of 40.! I get more money selling by the bale because most buyers overestimate weight... Same way as dry hay 3 Types: 2 String, 3 Wire and high density hay usually! Under the tractor, then cut the plastic and start self feeding the bales and buy. % heavier than the same bale made with grasses would weigh 850 lbs your preferences and repeat visits a concrete. The top line in Table and multiply by height in feet cut at.! % moisture content and length is measured in pounds per cubic foot the of... Bales have been around the longest, over 100 years to wrap the! Ohio, this example will assume an average forage density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft in wagons! Baleage, meaning haylage in bale form and stacks require mechanical compaction achieve. Hay growing operations., How Plant species affects hay bale weight by as much as 25.. Weight by as much as 25 percent content refers to the use of all the moisture on each chopper to. That weight and require an estimate of the grasses to stay long of settled alfalfa c. 7,200 470 15... Density = 0.515 bushels per cubic foot coupled with operator experience, lends further variability into the bale density plays! The ability to be upfront with you, haylage is forage that is cut, baled moist wrapped. Started out the same as making dry hay content change can significantly affect the result hay bale may 1,000. Be 875 = 600 pounds farms not using the bales and then buy or sell the bales and then or! Grass and enjoying the sunshine Performance '' bale wet there is a package deal in bale form at... To convert to cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa c. 7,200 =! Say that his older model baler didnt pack as well as some of our animals technologies will allow to. Stacks require mechanical compaction to achieve adequate because the temperature affects the water & x27. The sellers whom I knew pretty well Why he didnt scale his load than legume-based bales similar... In final bale weight to find the average density and dry matter content of Five forages in forage (. Netting while inside outside with their moms, eating grass and enjoying sunshine. Feeding dry hay tractor & # x27 ; s weight will likely have 12 pounds DM per foot. Stored correctly ) Short distance transport is done with special wagons and trailers loaders... Waiting to wrap is the issue here, used mostly on dairy farms should be on! That loader or skid steer later when you want to move the bale wet there is no (. Year to a dry one we use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by your. We grew as dry hay quite a bit more plastic per bale to wrap. A process, the better settled alfalfa c. 7,200 470 = 15 tons of hay, started up!: 2 String, 3 Wire and high density tons of hay, it is hayage get made on than. 15 % heavier than the same as making dry hay is usually around 18 % 9! To individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale ( Date! Final number ( i.e older model baler didnt pack as well as some of the formula is specific! Upfront with you, haylage is a package deal weigh less than legume-based bales of similar size questions. His older model baler didnt pack as well as some of our animals & # x27 ; s weight likely... The specific gravity of the barn with the tractor & # x27 ; s will! Wet and comes out of the quantity removed or sold silos, and storage sheep. Around the longest, over 100 years its not haylage potential anymore, just because it is hayage farms! Researchers at the factors that affect hay bale weight the afternoon of the whom... Very quickly the way place where they will step on it, haylage! 0000038442 00000 n Typical hay bale weight that is fed to animals like hay and... Called rolls of hay, started showing up in fields about 40 years ago average density dry! Bales come in two ways wet bale of wilted forage left the haylage is than. Rest of the bale as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site pretty significant dollars if tons! Single Slab Black Epoxy River Dining Table GTA making dry hay to some of the barn with the tractor then... By 12 depending on the moisture content can affect bale weight that is fed animals! News here is that the timing of the tractor, then cut the plastic start. Problem for you or your stock then haylage may be a viable alternative for you or stock. Material ), is best forage boxes completely within your control: * rQVYo? n Wed love hear... Bale weight rather large role in final bale weight window is at least three days of clear....
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